Physiology research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physiology - Research Paper Example The analysts chose 128 offspring of patients with autosomal-predominant Alzheimer’s sickness as study members, as they were in danger of conveying the transformation. The autosomal-predominant nature of the sickness in these cases was dictated by family families. The changes known in these families included presenilin 1, presenilin 2, and amyloid antecedent protein. The normal time of side effect beginning for the members was set as the age at which the parent was determined to have Alzheimer’s illness. They contemplated a few physiologic systems happening in these patients. To start with, they completed clinical appraisals of psychological change utilizing poll based scales, giving them a cognizance score. This portrayed the members as ordinary subjective capacity, extremely gentle disability, or mellow hindrance. Cerebrum imaging with attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) was done to screen for any prior mind sickness. Positron discharge tomography (PET) filtering wa s done to decide any locales of fibrillar amyloid testimony, and diminished digestion. They additionally broke down cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) for convergences of tau, and beta-amyloid. They found that half of the asymptomatic investigation members were bearers of the change for Alzheimer’s. The transporters had lower intellectual scores and at a previous age, contrasted with non-bearers of the change. The transporters likewise created reciprocal hippocampal decay, seen on MRI, 15 years before anticipated indication beginning. Through PE examining, they distinguished a specific decline in the digestion of the precuneus area of the cerebrum in bearers, 10 years before anticipated side effect beginning. Change bearers additionally had noteworthy amyloid testimony in the precuneus district at 15 years before side effect beginning, while non-transporters didn't have any amyloid statement there. Levels of CSF tau protein and plasma amyloid were raised in the transporters 15 years before side effect beginning,

Human trafficking in Utah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human dealing in Utah - Essay Example Henceforth, because of this repulsiveness by the representatives, there has been the ideal by the private and open areas to cooperate trying to control and regulate the wrongdoing. In this look, the paper analyzes on what ways have the private and open divisions can firmly work near decrease the danger that has remained to crush the name of the city. The open area of Utah has since been blamed for some bad behaviors over the past that incorporates debasement, pay off and retrogressive strategies that didn't affect much on the decrease of human dealing. Concurring Potrafke, (2013), he saw that open certainty and trust has changed fundamentally in the battle against human dealing. The residents will think that its simpler to report the wrongdoing as they are certain that moves would be made against the culprits. The new office of the open area of the state under the new department of the lawyer general had enrollment and extended the workforce both from the private segment and government authorities. The general public partners, in this way, locate a simpler route to the open halls particularly the Utah residents. Another system that has been utilized by the open division is to make an alternate team inside the city of Utah that contains private and open faculty. (Farrell and Pfeffer, 2014) saw that having an appropriate workforce guaranteed that intensive examinations are taken and arraignment of culprits. The two arms of the general public give a more extensive perspective on the difficult that empowers the wrongdoing to be diminished. Both the private and open division has been associated with the advancement system of the city of Utah to lessen human dealing. Utah’s lawyer general office has been inventive through advancements by the utilization of current innovation to diminish mankind violations as the dealing in people. They have made online inside their frameworks that empowers detailing of wrongdoings, for example, human dealing.

Mandate of Heaven essays

Order of Heaven expositions The Chinese gavernment spun around the Mandate of Heaven, which went on until the early long periods of the twentieth century. At the point when the legislature and the earth were in acceptable conndition, it was accepted that the current tradition was supported by god. On the off chance that the legislature and condition were doing inadequately, it implied that god was not satisfied with the current sovereign, and he was indicating his unapproval by making debacles, for example, flooding, dry seasons, and laborer riots. With these signs, the nobles would topple the line causing this anger. The dynastic cycle, as history specialists call it today, comprised of six essential advances that incorporated the ascent and fall of a line. Initially, the new tradition would pick up power, hurridly reestablish harmony in China, and afterward step foward to guarantee the Mandate of Heaven. Next, they would keep on keeping up riches and productive members of society, and the residents would accept that they had the Mandate of Heaven. In due time, notwithstanding, the line would debilitate, driving the emporer to raise the assessments. Not long after that, be it fortuitous event or not, the land would experience a genuine flood, dry spell, or worker uprising. The individuals of China would understand that the current line no longer had the Mandate of Heaven, and they would design a resistance. At long last, they would topple the administration, and in some cases murder the emporer and his family. Following this horrendous occasion, another group of nobles would approach guaranteeing the Mandate of Heaven. A case of the dynastic cycle is seen in from the Qin Dynasty, to the Han Dynasty, to the Six Dynasties. The Han Dynasty rose after the uprisings of the Qin. At that point Wu Ti, who was emporer at that point, brought new financial arrangements, fabricated trenches, set up graineries for surplus grain, expanded expenses on vendors, and made government restraining infrastructures on salt, copper coins, iron, and alcohol. Everything was working out positively, yet beneficial things don't keep going forever, as you will before long observe. ... <!

10 Facts About the Mexican-American War

Project Manager - 1358 Words

Executive summary The aim of the report is the write about the project manager. Discussion and analyzing the quality and skills that a project manager have will be on the report. There will also be the case study and analyzing if the project manager in the case study is a good or bad manager. In the first part of the main body, the report will discuss about the quality of the project manager from communication skills, enthusiasm and empathy. The competencies and managerial effectiveness will come after that. In this part we will see from the aspect of goal setting, human resource management, and delegating task, time planning and budgeting. After that, it will be the case study discussion on Lena showing that she has the good competencies†¦show more content†¦Effective project manager have the good competencies in human resource management. They normally demonstrate a good ability to gain cooperation, resolve the conflicts and influence others (Boyatzis, 1982; goodings, 1999, Potter, 2001). N ormally in the team of a project, it consist of two subordinate; those who are already in the company and those who have abilities that help on the project that are working on and are temporary attached. It is very normal that these teams and different working style and will have conflicts. A good leader will make constant team building and discussion to resolve this. This is also another competencies related to the leader which are the team-building skills. Delegating task is also a very vital part for a good project to be able to be complete in the best quality and in time. In this, the project manager should demonstrate the trust in others that the team feel like they participate in the task and discussion, the leader delegate the work and controls it. Time planning and budgeting also defines if the project managers are an effective one or not. Projects have time limits and if the project manager cannot make sure that the project finishes in time it is for sure that the cost for the project will be much higher and cross the budget that it was supposed to be. Understanding the life-cycle for projectShow MoreRelatedProject Management : A Project Manager2515 Words   |  11 PagesA Project manager is the individual who has the general obligation regarding the fruitful start, arranging, outline, execution, checking and controlling. The work s title is used every bit a component of the evolution, construction planning, data innovation and a broad scope of commercial project that deliver items and giving medications. The project supervisor must take in a mix of aptitudes including a mental ability to ask entering inquiries, recognize implicit suppositions and resolution clashesRead MoreConstruction Of A Project Manager Essay2719 Words à ‚  |  11 Pages A project has a starting and ending point with a co-ordinated activities, which is done by an individual or with a collaborated enterprises to fulfill there customers aim about a particular plan with in defined time, cost and execute. For example like construction of a building, road ways, railways, airport etc. A project can be handled only by a construction project manager. The construction project manager should be well educated with what he is to deal with, In order to, He should knowRead MoreProject Management Plan For A Project Manager2144 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction In order for projects to be completed efficiently, an organisation needs to provide clear guidance on the project objectives, performance and quality, budget, time to completion and their relative importance. Project managers must also be given the correct level of authority to allow them to ensure a project is guided effectively and efficiently through to completion. Project managers function as bandleaders who pull together their players each a specialist with individual scoreRead MoreThe New Rules Of A Project Manager Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesMeredith (2006) mentioned that selecting a project manager is one of the two most important decision concerning the project. He mentioned the project manager should have credibility and sensitivity. However, in other books mentioned that PM not only should have credibility and sensitivity but also vision, courage, integrity, and discipline Visioner John P. Kotter described a project without vision is a region that is unknown which is a stretch of unmapped future. In his book The New Rules: HowRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Manager Management1251 Words   |  6 Pagesfor windows and lighting provided a practical experience to the coursework in estimation. Master schedule, daily, weekly and monthly forecasts for a project was covered by scheduling and also the various processes that go into making the schedule more efficient like crashing were observed on site as well as from the perspective of a project manager. During the course of work, a proposal for standardizing the processes like material management on site, preparing punch lists and work force managementRead MoreThe Responsibility Of Being A Project Manager1391 Words   |  6 PagesTaking on the responsibility of being a project manager can be multidimensional and very demanding but rewarding at the end. The roles of a project manager has the total responsibility for the successful planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. After a project manager take on a tasks that’s has been assigned to him/her from a client, the job is just beginning. They must first understand and have general knowledge about the task that has been put in their hand. The missionRead MoreRole Of A Project Manager On A Construction Project Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesThe main role of a project manager on a construction project is that they are the people who are responsible for making decisions, both large and small and are also responsible for everything that happens on the site from the date of starting of the project till the closure of the project, they take the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, design, execution, monitoring, controlling. A project manager sets up the estimates, budget and construction timetable for the clients and alsoRead MoreThe Responsibility Of Being A Project Manager1390 Words   |  6 Pa gesTaking on the responsibility of being a project manager can be multidimensional and very demanding but rewarding at the end. The roles of a project manager has the total responsibility for the successful planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. After a project manager take on a tasks that’s has been assigned to him/her from a client, the job is just beginning. They must first understand and have general knowledge about the task that has been put in their hand. The missionRead MoreReflection Of A Project Manager Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pages Reflection Project manager as the name suggests is the one who has to everything from start to end for a project and he has everything that goes on in a project is done under his supervision. He is the commander of everything and in the end if something goes wrong then he is the one who will be held responsible and not the workers or the labor or anything for that matter. So obviously being a project manager is not an easy task and cannot be given to anyone. To be a project manager you just don’tRead MoreA Project Manager For Monitor And Control The Execution Of The Endeavor919 Words   |  4 PagesOnce a project is begun, it is important for a project manager to monitor and control the execution of the endeavor. A project manager must observe and examine how the work is progressing, the costs, application of the resources required, and if the schedule is being sustained with the overall project plan. This is especially important when a project manager uses the earned value management ( EVM) system to track and monitor an undertaking. EVM and variance management must have accurate material and

The Three Areas of Globalization - 954 Words

According to Thomas Friedman, â€Å"In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny.† It is not something one can pin point and define as a formal structure of the current international system. Globalization is a notion of the growing interconnectedness of the world categorized into three forms, cultural, political and economical globalization. Much like the quote by Thomas Friedman, globalization gives the conviction of the world being continually smaller and the pace of†¦show more content†¦Stiglitz especially is very critical of the Washington Consensus. The consensus was between â€Å"the IMF, the World Bank, and the U.S Treasury where they decided on the â€Å"right† policies for developing countriesâ € ¦signaling a radically different approach to economic development and stabilization† (Stiglitz, 16). Much of the policies were made based on the problems in Latin America that had occurred because of government corruption. The three main economic policies countries had to adopt to gain financial help were fiscal austerity, privatization and liberalization. Fiscal austerity meant that the countries that borrowed money from the IMF or World Bank would have to raise taxes and cut welfare spending. The consensus also asks you to privatize companies rather than have state capitalism or social capitalism. The main consequences of these policies led the countries to loose economic sovereignty of their state and the people lost their welfare state. Liberalization of the market isn’t also the correct way to run a government as seen in Korea 1997. However, as Stiglitz mentioned in the book, it is not all globalizations fault but the fault of the person managing it and how it is managed. Globalization often has its cultural influences. Western media and shows are broadcasted worldwide. The spread of ‘WesternShow MoreRelatedSustainable Development and Globalization Are Two Popular Concept with Respect to Present Context. Is Globalization Is a Threat for Sustainable Development ?1031 Words   |  5 Pagesof sustainable development: at the confluence of three constituent parts â€Å"Let’s see the three overlapping circles: one representing environmental needs, one representing economic needs, and one representing community social needs. The area where the circles overlap is the area of sustainability, the area of livability – the area where all the threads of quality of life come together. If we are to have it all, we must recognize that these three circles are not separate, unrelated entities†. Read MoreEffects Of Globalization On Cities In Asia1278 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal on the Local† Three Case Studies on the Effects of Globalization on Cities in Asia Today two massive trends can be seen in the development of the world: the process of rapid urbanization, and the process of globalization. The two seem to go hand in hand. The 40 largest mega-regions produce two-thirds of global economic output and 90 percent of global global innovation, while housing just 18 percent of the world’s population. For those reasons urbanization and globalization trends keep risingRead MoreThe Global Arches Business1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthe problems this country has. The culture around us is seen as to have a major connection with the Golden Arches Industry. With the inspiration of America moving toward globalization, many counties feel as though they are losing out of their original culture. America is seen as pushing away the local cultures of these areas and making a new culture altogether that is created with mostly American ideals. The book states how this industry maintains a proper way of attendance at the restaurant (payRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Globalization Essays1009 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization is not just one impact of the new technologies that are reshaping the economies of the third millennium† (Thurow 19-31). When speaking of globalization, most people will not have a complete understanding as of what it actually means or what aspects of the world it affects. Globalization promotes free trade and creates jobs. The capital markets attract investors, resort cheap labor, and leads to job losses in some areas of higher wage. While all of this is happening, the world economyRead MoreGlobalization and E ducation1373 Words   |  6 Pages(UNESCO)’s Bureau of Strategic Planning (2004) reported that globalization has not only contributed to the greater exchanges of ideas and awareness of the uniqueness of individual cultures and societies, but has highlighted the fundamental differences that result from these unique characteristics. There are many advantages for societies and cultures as they become increasingly interconnected (Heimonen, 2012) through the process of globalization. Interconnectedness allows for the sharing of assets andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Economic Growth And Development1250 Words   |  5 Pagescountry Nepal. The effect of globalization in our cultures and tradition is one of the major concern in the society. As we all know that, â€Å"Globalization is the process where products, capital market, economic and cultures are inter-related in the global world.† As Nepal is border North side by China, the world most developed countries and the other three sides i.e., west, east and south by India, which is also the one of the fastest developing countries. The globalization has had some positive effectsRead MoreThe United Kingdom And British Labour Party Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesconfused for the acceptance globalization and international competitiveness as inevitable. This book tells about the mind twist. It tells us about the move out from the agreement of new belief, that the globalisation can be replaced with localisation. 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(Rosenau 16) Globalization and localization affect the world’s countries in three main areas, politicsRead MoreHow Globalization Affects Developing Countries?1504 Words   |  7 PagesHow Globalization Affects Developed Countries The phenomenon of globalization began in a primitive form when humans first settled into different areas of the world; however, it has shown a rather steady and rapid progress in the recent times and has become an international dynamic which, due to technological advancements, has increased in speed and scale, so that countries in all five continents have been affected and engaged. What Is Globalization? Globalization is defined as a process which, basedRead MoreMajor Forces That Are Leading International Firms Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThere are five major forces that are leading international firms to the globalization of their operations which includes (1) political (2) technological (3) market (4) cost and (5) competition. Many firms initiate international operations to gain assess by combined markets through exporting product or producing within the area. Technological According to (Ball, 2011) today’s technology has allowed an advance in computers, communication and an increase flow of ideas. Through the internet and networks

Ph Of Acid Rain Essay Example For Students

Ph Of Acid Rain Essay Impacts of Acid RainAir Pollution Creates Acid Rain Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition, or acid rain as it is commonly known, occurs when emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog or dry form (such as gas and particles). About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dry particles. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. In some instances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. Prevailing winds transport the compounds, sometimes hundreds of miles, across state and national borders. Mobile sources (transportation) also contribute significantly to NOx emissions. Overall, over 20 million tons of SO2 and NOx are emitted into the atmosphere each year. Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above 2,000 feet in elevation). In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nations cultural heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, SO2 and NOx gases and their particulate matter derivatives, sulfates and nitrates, contribute to visibility degradation and impact public health. Acid rain primarily affects sensitive bodies of water, that is, those that rest atop soil with a limited ability to neutralize acidic compounds (called buffering capacity). Many lakes and streams examined in a National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) suffer from chronic acidity, a condition in which water has a constant low pH level. In some sensitive lakes and streams, acidification has completely eradicated fish species, such as the brook trout, leaving these bodies of water barren. In fact, hundreds of the lakes in the Adirondacks surveyed in the NSWS have acidity levels indicative of chemical conditions unsuitable for the survival of sensitive fish species. Streams flowing over soil with low buffering capacity are equally as susceptible to damage from acid rain as lakes are. The acidification problem in both the United States and Canada grows in magnitude if episodic acidification (brief periods of low pH levels from snowmelt or heavy downpours) is taken into account. The impact of nitrogen on surface waters is also critical. Nitrogen plays a significant role in episodic acidification. Nitrogen is an important factor in causing eutrophication (oxygen depletion) of water bodies. Acid rain has been implicated in contributing to forest degradation. Acidic deposition seems to impair the trees growth in several ways; for example, acidic cloud water at high elevations may increase the susceptibility of the red spruce to winter injury. There also is a concern about the impact of acid rain on forest soils. Sulfur dioxide emissions lead to the formation of sulfate particles in the atmosphere. Sulfate particles account for more than 50 percent of the visibility reduction in the eastern part of the United States. Acid rain and the dry deposition of acidic particles are known to contribute to the corrosion of metals and deterioration of stone and paint on buildings, cultural objects, and cars. The corrosion seriously depreciates the objects value to society. Dry deposition of acidic compounds can also dirty buildings and other structures, leading to increased maintenance costs. .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 , .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .postImageUrl , .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 , .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:hover , .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:visited , .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:active { border:0!important; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:active , .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68 .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c56ff919ccf8c8f186bfb0d6195df68:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Successes and Failures of Signals Intelligence Essay Based on health concerns, SO2 has historically been regulated under the Clean Air Act. Sulfur dioxide interacts in the atmosphere to form sulfate aerosols, which may be transported long distances through the air. Most sulfate aerosols are particles that can be inhaled. Decreases in nitrogen oxide emissions are also expected to have a beneficial impact on health effects by reducing the nitrate component of inhalable particulates and reducing the nitrogen oxides available to react with volatile organic compounds and form ozone. Ozone impacts on human health include a number of morbidity and mortality risks associated with lung disorders.

Anabolic Steroids Medicine Essay Sample

Anabolic Steroids Medicine Essay Sample Anabolic Steroids Medicine Essay Example Anabolic Steroids Medicine Essay Example Nowadays, the question of potential legalization of anabolic steroids is discussed in various scientific circles. Current paper deals with all main aspects of this issue evaluating the arguments for and against legalization. Legal issues, such as the access to free competition and equal rights of all sportsmen, are examined. In general, the critical analysis of various positions demonstrates that anabolic steroids as well as other performance enhancers should not be allowed because all sportsmen have to be in equal initial conditions, and all forms of illegal advantages should be strictly prohibited. Should Performance Enhancers (Anabolic Steroids) Be Allowed in Sports? The utilitarian arguments regarding potential advantages of steroids legalization are examined and their logical flaws are specified. Some broad sociological and economic aspects are present for the complex understanding of the situation, and the paper explains their relation to legal issues. In general, the paper contributes to understanding of sports law as it shows that no conflict between utilitarian arguments and basic individual rights and liberties exists. First of all, it is necessary to briefly outline the current status of performance-enhancing drugs in sports. Nowadays, the use of steroids or other drugs is officially considered immoral. Therefore, it is strictly prohibited by all major sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. The supporters of legalization claim that the use of drugs does not affect competition more than modern equipment that also creates advantages for some sportsmen (Atkinson, 2011). However, such comparison is invalid for several reasons: Firstly, the supposed violation of law and rights of others in one area does not make such violations in other spheres moral. Secondly, the use of modern equipment really creates additional advantages for some sportsmen, but it is an example of fair competition because it is allowed by sports regulations and it does not violate the rights of others. At the same time, the use of drugs violates the rights of other sportsmen who follow regulations and thus creates unfair advantages. The relevant aspect in this context is not whether some actions or procedures create potential advantages or not but rather their influence on the rights of other parties involved. The opposite position about prohibiting everything that creates any sort of additional advantages will lead to a contradiction as the whole training process and the essence of sports per se aims at demonstrating higher results than other participants (i.e. demonstrating one’s advantages). Thus, the factors that increase sportsmen’s results should not be prohibited on the basis of such positive impact. However, from this statement does not follow that all types of stimulators are performance enhancers. One of main sports goals is demonstrating the highest achievements of human body and spirit. For example, viewers are interested not in high speed per se but in understanding what speed is attainable for individuals that follow the generally accepted rules. Consequently, the abolition of any restrictions will lead to the absence of sports ideas and its substitution by machines’ competition. Thus, the decision about the potential regulations and prohibitions should be based on the structure of all participants’ rights. As the International Olympic Committee and other similar organizations always explicitly state which drugs are prohibited, it demonstrates the rules for all sportsmen and established the boundaries of fair competition. Another argument of supporters of legalization refers to the empirical fact that performance enhancers have been using throughout history even in Ancient Times. Thus, they claim that as enhancers cannot be completely avoided, they should be legalized. However, this statement contains a logical error, as well. The fact of regulations’ violation does not make such violations desirable. For example, stealing is also observed throughout history, however, it does not make it legal or socially desirable. Although there is a fraction of people willing to obtain unfair advantages, such practices should not be legalized. On the contrary, they may help to differentiate within the whole set of participants and exclude those sportsmen who violate the rights of others. Another possible argument in favor of legalization refers to the fact that doping control is very expensive and these funds may be used more effectively (Atkinson, 2011). However, it seems to be unsupported, as well. It is correct that control efforts (that include not only doping control during competition) lead to additional expenses. Moreover, such funds could be directed to other fields if the problem of unfair competition did not exist. However, it exists and requires additional controlling efforts. Using an analogy, it may be stated that the absence of criminal activities could allow reducing expenses associated with police activities. At the same time, the existence of such expenses under the current conditions does not seem unreasonable. Anti-doping authorities often explain that all sportsmen should have equal opportunities. However, this statement should be correctly interpreted. The main idea is not removing all sources of inequality (as it is impossible even theoretically, as well as it negates the essence of sports competition) but respecting the rights of all participants. In this way, the boundaries of fair competition are identical for all people. It corresponds to the meaning of fair competition. An additional ethical aspect should be clarified. Nowadays, professional sports demonstrate the highest results of the human body without any artificial performance enhancers. Thus, people willing to improve or at least maintain their health may participate in professional sports. However, it will be impossible if anabolic steroids are legalized. As they artificially increase one’s sports results, it will be evident a priori that professional sportsmen will have significant health problems in the future. Therefore, a large number of potential sportsmen will refuse to select this occupation. Moreover, viewers prefer understanding professional sport as a tool of promoting a healthy lifestyle, and the negation of health in the initial instructions will not guarantee the necessary interest within the population. If performance enhancers are allowed, it will almost exclude the majority of developing countries from competition. At the present moment, the countries with high standard of living have some advantages; however, other countries also demonstrate significant results in some sports spheres. If legalization is adapted, the financial factor will become the main one and the global interest to sports will decline as only several the most financially successful countries will compete in all kinds of sports. The International Olympic Committee declares that sport should be promoted all over the world and the realization of this principle may become problematic in case of legalization (Werner Hatton, 2011). Thus, it is evident that there is no contradiction between utilitarian arguments that try to satisfy the interests of all parties involved and the legal perspective. If rights of all sportsmen are protected, the general social satisfaction is maximized, as well. Therefore, it is reasonable to concentrate on expanding the principles of fair competition to all spheres, as well as providing the strict control over the fulfillment of these regulations. It is possible to use random statistical selection for doping control in some minor sports events while during the Olympic Games and various world championships all participants should pass the test procedures. Current system of double-testing seems to be reasonable as it reduces the probability of error to almost zero. As all sportsmen understand that any violations may be immediately detected, they will modify their behavior accordingly and the temptation to use drugs will decrease. Although sports committees cannot determine the specific actions of all sportsmen, they may affect their incentive structures that indirectly influence their actual behavior (Donahue et al., 2007). It seems that the number of regulations should be minimal, but they should be adequately enforced. In particular, sports committees should outline the list of prohibited drugs and make this information available for all interested people. Then, the effective control systems should be introduced and the main attention should be paid to such sports events as the Olympic Games. Sports authorities should not make any value or moral judgments but be entirely concentrated on the legal perspective. All moral conclusions may be formulated by the public and it will lead to higher sports popularity worldwide. Our SamplesThe best way to know how to write good essays is by getting a sample of an essay from competent experts online. We can give you the essay examples you need for future learning. Free Essay Examples are here. The advocates of legalization also claim that under the present conditions all famous sportsmen experience some forms of uncertainty and suspicion from the public. It occurs due to the fact that both viewers and officials want to receive the results of doping tests that will confirm the absence of any prohibited drugs in the blood or body of a given sportsman (Atkinson, 2011). Thus, the advocates of this position suggest that if anabolic steroids are legalized, no additional confirmation is needed, and the winners may receive their fame immediately. However, it is necessary to examine this position in detail: Firstly, the goal of sports committees is not maximizing the psychological satisfaction of the winners at any price but ensuring the proper following of all generally approved requirements. Secondly, it is unclear whether this satisfaction would actually increase as most people prefer winning in fair competition. Thirdly, sports fans usually see sport events as an example of equal opportunities (at least, in the legal sense). Thus, the legalization of steroids may negatively affect their interest and ultimate demand for such events (Ozdemir et al., 2005). As a result, sports competitions may become less prestigious and may generate fewer amounts of money and other privileges (sponsor contracts, advertizing proposals, the overall reputation in society, etc.) for the winners. Taking into account all these considerations, it may be expected that all participants (and especially the future champions) are interested in fair competition and equal standards for all sportsmen. It seems that regulations and sports instructions should not create additional risks and threats for sportsmen. The nature of modern professional sport is such that substantial health risks are present in any case. However, their amount should not be artificially increased. It is evident that legalization of anabolic steroids will make the traditional (without using any drugs) winning of any serious championships absolutely impossible. Nowadays, many sportsmen are examples and role models for young people, but it seems that the situation may change if the public is aware that all champions use steroids. Therefore, the potential legalization may have negative consequences for the US society in general. Theoretically, there is another alternative to the issue under consideration. For example, two leagues may exist. The first one will operate on the traditional basis and anabolic steroids and other performance enhancers will be prohibited. In the second league, the use of drugs will be legal and sportsmen from different leagues will compete only within their leagues. Such proposal is legally coherent as no one is forced to use drugs and is free to choose the optimal alternative from his/her point of view. The viewers’ rights are protected as well because they may choose any league they like and the use of steroids in one of them is known from the very beginning. Although this option is possible from the legal perspective, it is not highly plausible that these two leagues will emerge in the near future. Such separation will not allow economizing substantial financial resources as strict doping control in one of the leagues will be still needed. Moreover, some expenses will even increase as it will be necessary to organize much more events and forums for both leagues. However, the consumer demand for these events is limited and the profitability rates may decrease. As sports fans prefer determining the only champion in each kind of sport (that will be impossible in the new format), it is not likely that this idea will be supported by the public. Various health-oriented organizations may explicitly argue against any sports projects that allow using doping. It may negatively affect the reputation of sports organizations and lead to numerous social conflicts in sport. Thus, under the current state of the consumer demand and public preferences, it is unlikely that the idea of two separate leagues may be realized in the actual practice. The advocates of legalization also suggest that it may help to solve problems of the Hall of Fame voting. Even the smallest doping suspicion of an athlete may not allow him/her being selected. Therefore, some experts propose to legalize drugs to make this process more clear and timely. However, the problem of determining the best representatives of some profession exists not only in sports and it is important to verify all relevant aspects in order to guarantee the correspondence of a given candidate to the existing rules. For example, the works of all scientists are verified in relation to their originality; if any plagiarism issues are found, it leads to serious negative consequences for a given scientist. In fact, he/she cannot expect to receive any significant reward in the future due to his/her reputation as a result of such issues. The similar principles may be observed in sports. Federations and public in general wish to have evidences that a given athlete follows all recommendations and does not violate the rights of other participants. Although such test procedures require time and financial expenses, they are the necessary attribute of any fair competition (Eber, 2009). It seems that the function of the Hall of Fame is to praise the most talented and successful sportsmen rather than facilitating the process of inclusion of potential candidates. The effectiveness of doping control depends on the actual implementation of the main regulations. There are two main options that exist in this context. The first one is large government involvement. The second one is independent regulations of corresponding sports leagues. The supporters of the first initiative suggest that the government may be more efficient in enforcing all relevant rules and even develop new legal obligations for the citizens. However, it seems that the second option may generate much better results for several reasons: Firstly, the government operates on the basis of tax-collected funds. It means that the redistribution of wealth takes place and involuntary actions are observed. The legal and sociological theories show that social systems work more productively if they are organized on a completely voluntary basis. Secondly, independent leagues are better aware of all internal problems and are more responsive to the external challenges. The government may use a large number of experts, but their overall coordination will not be based on the profit-and-loss system and higher bureaucratization may emerge (Showalter, 2007). Thirdly, independent leagues are interested in timely decisions of the existing problems and try to find the most rational decisions from the social and economic point of view. At the same time, government agencies do not have strong incentive structures for searching timely solutions and their decisions are mostly based on the political desirability rather than economic calculation. Thus, it seems that government involvement in this process should be minimized as it negatively affects the realization of basic sports principles. Unfortunately, it is problematic to completely separate sport from politics as during the Olympic Games and other forums sportsmen represent not only them and their team but the country in general. Therefore, some political pressure from national governments is often present. However, it is reasonable to limit government presence in all sports spheres as it negatively affects the implementation of principles of fair competition (Showalter, 2007). Moreover, the prohibition of anabolic drugs may be effectively enforced without the government participation in this process. As these regulations may be introduced by independent leagues, penalties may be different in various kinds of sports. At the same time, it does not constitute serious problems because each kind of sports has its specifics that should be reflected in corresponding rules. The most important thing is the recognition of the illegal nature of anabolic steroids and the understanding of introducing corresponding penalties for those sportsmen who try to receive unfair competitive advantages. It seems that not all sports federations pay the necessary attention to the problem of doping. In particular, soccer and some other team sports federations do not suggest it to be this issue their main responsibility. Although the net effect of doping in team sports seems to be less than in individual ones, the respect to other sportsmen’s rights should be maintained in all sports spheres. Thus, soccer and other sports federations should ensure the fulfillment of all fair competition requirements. It will increase the sports’ popularity among people worldwide and may generate additional revenues for federations. The close analysis of various arguments regarding the potential legalization of anabolic steroids has shown that they are unsupported and have substantial logical errors. All athletes should have equal rights and follow the generally accepted rules that are developed by the corresponding federations. The analogy of anabolic steroids with the modern equipment is incorrect because equipment’s advantages are not based on the violation of other people’s rights. Although doping control is expensive, it is the necessary element of expenses because all sports fans are interested in fair competition. Their demand for sports events is based on the assumption that all participants have equal opportunities. If this assumption is not followed, many viewers will shift their demand to other spheres. The potential legalization of performance enhancers will create serious problems for developing countries and will reduce the overall level of competition. The analysis demonstrates that there is no contradiction between the basic legal rights and utilitarian arguments. Sportsmen may be accepted to the Hall of Fame only when their doping tests are thoroughly evaluated and it is correct as only those athletes who follow all regulations may receive the chance of being selected. It is determined that the control over the fulfillment of anti-doping requirements should be delegated to independent leagues rather than national governments. Sports leagues are better aware of the local situation and are highly motivated in finding the most timely and efficient solution. Some differences among various sports federations may exist, but all of them should share the basic principles of doping control and penalties. It is especially relevant for soccer and other team sports federations. In any case, the use of anabolic steroids and other performance enhancers should not be allowed in sport.

Should You Go to a College With Greek Life Pros and Cons

Should You Go to a College With Greek Life Pros and Cons SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most people have ideas about Greek life that are based on pop culture stereotypes of fraternities and sororities. However, Greek life isn’t supposed to be about wild parties, â€Å"bro culture,† and superficial judgments (although those things can come into play). Fraternities and sororities are often great communities where you’ll make lifelong friends. In this article, I’ll give you an overview of what Greek life is, its pluses and minuses, and whether you should go to a school with fraternities and sororities. What Is Greek Life? A Brief History Greek life got its namebecause fraternities and sororities are named with Greek letters.This tradition began with the formation of the first Greek-letter student society, Phi Beta Kappa Society, at the College of William and Mary in 1776.The society was more of an academic group that fostered literary debates than anything else, but it was an early model for later organizations. The first fraternity in the modern sense, Kappa Alpha Society at Union College, was founded in 1825.Kappa Alpha tried to emulate Phi Beta Kappa while also focusing on the development of friendships amongits members.After this time, more fraternities began to emerge on various college campuses.Some would become national organizations with chapters at different colleges. Sororities started up in the 1850s as more and more women began to attend college and challenge the male-dominated academic and social scene.To date, there are 123 fraternities and sororities in the US and Canada with 750,000 undergraduate members in 12,000 chapters on over 800 college campuses. Some campuses have a marginal Greek scene, with students involved in these organizations being in the extreme minority, while others have a very dominant Greek population. This leads to varying levels of Greek influence on campus culture as a whole.At Washington and Lee University, about 80 percent of undergraduates are involved in Greek life. Since Washington and Lee only has around 2,300 students total, this makes for an extremely strong impact on the social scene. At the University of Georgia, about 23 percent of students are involved in Greek life within a population of over 27,000 undergraduates. Especially at such a large school, the Greek minority may hold less sway over the dynamics of campus culture. Washington and Lee University: It's almost all Greek to me Why Is Greek Life Popular? What’s It All About? The missions of fraternities and sororities vary from chapter to chapter, but some characteristics are relatively consistent.Fraternities and sororities look to develop strong bonds between their members and encourage personal growth and development.These organizations often have special traditions that bring members together and promote loyalty, friendship, community service, intellectual achievements, and leadership. Traditions usually include weekly meetings, retreats, and participation in service-related events. Many fraternities and sororities have specific organizations or causes that they partner with for community service initiatives.My sorority at Dartmouth had a partnership with an organization called WISE, which works in the local area to help victims of domestic abuse.Most Greek organizations are serious about academics as well.GPA requirements for membership are common, and many sororities and fraternities take great pride in the academic accomplishments of their members. To join a fraternity or sorority, you will most likely have to go through the â€Å"rush† process, which is a recruitment period where you get to know the members and mutually decide whether your personality is a good match for the character of the group.Usually, fraternities and sororities have their own houses where they host meetings and parties, and many members live in the houses. Your membership in a Greek organization will extend past your time as an undergraduate.You'll be a sister or brother for life once you join! In the next couple of sections, I’ll go over some pros and cons of joining a fraternity or sororityto give you a better idea of what it’s like. One of us. One of us. Academic and Financial Pros and Cons of Greek Life These pros and cons are factors that relate to the explicit policies and structure of sororities and fraternitiesand how they might affect your academic and professional success as well as your college experience overall. Pros Access to Connections With the Alumni Network This is one of the main reasons that many people join sororities and fraternities.Once you join, you will be able to communicate with a large alumni network (especially if you end up being in a national organization) that is usually very enthusiastic about helping fellow members.This can be awesome for your career prospects after college. Great Leadership Opportunities If you join a Greek organization, you might end up becoming a part of the governing body of the sorority or fraternity.Most of these organizations elect presidents, vice presidents, treasurers, social chairpeople, and other representatives.It can be a nice way to get leadership experience in a friendly context. This experience will carry over into the professional world after college. If you were the president of your Greek organization, it's a strong indication that you will perform well in a leadership role at your job. Employers may see it as a sign pointing to your potential within the company and be more likely to hire you. Your potential employers will imagine you as a featureless shape wearing a tie, and they will imagine all the other candidates as featureless shapes that didn't even bother to dress up. Livingin a House Instead of a Dorm Another great thing about being in a sorority or fraternity is that you’ll probably have the opportunity to live in the house as an upperclassman.This can be a really fun experience, especially if you’re close with the other people living in the house.You can hang out or study with people in a more relaxed, comfortable environment than a dorm or the library.You can also get support from friends easily at any time. Cons Damage to Your Academic Record (and Mental Health) If You Become Too Invested At many fraternities and sororities, you’re considered a â€Å"pledge† when your first join, and you’ll have to go through initiation to become a full member.I knew people who joined fraternities at Dartmouth and took fewer classes during their â€Å"pledge term† so that they could handle all the things they had to do for the fraternity. This included lots of beer-fueled meetings and special events that left them tired and hungover. During pledge term, some new members areâ€Å"hazed† or put through degrading rituals as rites of passage, which is a very problematic aspect of fraternity culture (and sorority culture, but less so). I definitely heard about people in fraternities having to eat gross things (or the same thing in the dining hall day after day, which almost seems more sadistic) or chug alcohol until they puked. These rituals are technically optional, but the pressure to do them to earn your place in the group is often very strong. Members will often take pride in the fact that they survived pledge term without quitting.If you end up spending too much time partying or trying to show that you’re the most dedicated pledge, you may lose sight of your academic and personal goals. I'm not saying pledgingwill involve fire-eating, but I'm also not saying it won't. Monetary Costs Members of Greek organizations usually have to pay dues, which go towards the maintenance of the house and funding for social events.An extra financial strain is the last thing that most students are looking for in college.This is part of what contributes to the stereotype of the privileged frat boy or sorority girl. Fees and other costs associated with membership can sometimes reach over $10,000 a year. I want to stress that this isn't the case in everyfraternity andsorority, and it absolutely wasn't my experience.There were people in my sorority who didn’t pay dues because they simply couldn’t afford it, and that was fine. Most of the members paid around $75 a term for social dues and less than $200 a term for house dues (less than $1,000 per year). Because we were a local sorority, we had a lot more control over how much we charged people for dues. National sororities have less flexibility in their policies and may not have the ability to be as lenient in granting financial aid. You can also take your chances and hope that a cashnado tears through your sleepy college town, ripping the roofs off houses and replacing them with solid gold. Social Pros and Cons of Greek Life These pros and cons deal with characteristics of fraternities and sororitiesthat will affect your social life and interactions in college. Pros Meeting Lots of Cool New People and Gaining Upperclassman Mentors When you join a fraternity or sorority, you’ll meet a big group of people who you might not have interacted with otherwise.It can introduce you to all kinds of varying perspectives and lead to amazing friendships.You will also most likely be assigned an upperclassman mentor in your sorority or fraternity, called a Big Sister or Big Brother.This person will introduce you to the organization and be a helpful resource for navigating college in general. Invitationsto Tons of Fun Events and Parties If you’re in a fraternity or sorority, you’ll get lots of invitations to parties and events with other Greek organizations and internally.There will probably be an event going on almost every night of the week, so you’ll have the opportunity to socialize or hang out whenever you want. My sorority had weekly wine and cheese and movie nights, themed meetings, and get-togethers with other fraternities and sororities on the weekends.Sororities and fraternities also have formals, which are fancy parties at the end of the semester where everyone dresses up nicely.It’s kind of like prom but less ridiculously overhyped, less expensive, and more fun. This was pretty much what wine and cheese night was like at my sorority except instead of fancy bread we had Wheat Thins and instead of utensils we had no utensils. ABuilt-In Support System for the Rest of College (and Your Life!) This is one of the best things about being in a fraternity or sorority.You’re surrounded by a group of people who you can always ask for help or encouragement if you need it.Even if you are confused about college policy or need to ask a question about how to declare a major or sign up for a certain class (or whether a certain professor is good or not), you can easily get great advice from people who have been there.When you’re in one of these organizations, you’ll never feel totally alone or isolated.Someone will always be willing to hang out with you and watch a movie or just grab a meal between marathon study sessions to cheer you up. If you have to chop a bunch of onions, metaphorically speaking (or even literally speaking), you'll get lots of support. Cons Rush Is Superficial (and You Could End Up in the Wrong Place) Superficiality is a major criticism of the recruitment process, especially in sororities.Different colleges do rush differently, but commonly it’s a process that happens over a short period of time where you briefly visit each house and have mini-conversations with the members.This doesn’t give anyone a great chance to get to know you, and if you’re not good with small talk, it can be a nightmare. Judgments based on appearances and initial impressions tend to happen.This often leads to disappointment if you’re rejected by a house where you feel you belong or unhappiness if you join a sorority or fraternity that ultimately isn't a good fit on a deeper level. Many Greek organizations hold events before formal rush to give you the opportunity to get to know the members better, but if you’re shy the whole thing is a difficult process. (I say this from personal experience.) Accurate representation of how awkward I felt during rush... Divisiveness and Stereotypes Run Rampant Most sororities or fraternities have certain reputations, and this can cloud judgments about where you should join and what members are like.People will sometimes make assumptions about a student based on which fraternity or sorority he or she is in that are totally inaccurate. This can lead to fears about what people will think about you if you join X sorority or fraternity, which might mean that you end up somewhere you don’t belong to avoid being judged.Some sororities and fraternities have mentalities about only associating with certain other Greek organizations or keeping themselves insular from the general population of the school. These types of boundariesmay stunt your social life even while you are participating in lots of events within the Greek system. Other Problematic Aspects of Greek Culture I mentioned hazing above, which is an issue that affects members internally.There are also problems with the climate the Greek system can create on campus. Particularly with strong fraternity systems, power dynamics are often skewed in favor of the brothers who host parties at their houses.This can lead to situations where other students are victimized and objectified. When Greek life has a strong hold on the social scene, some people get a little wrapped up in their egos about being in a certain house and holding the keys to the best parties (and alcohol).They might try and show off to their friends in the fraternity (or sorority, although it happens less often) by bragging about how much they can drink or how much they’ve slept around.This culture can sometimes turn otherwise decent but insecure people into jerks. Bunch of Drunken, Obnoxious Frat Boys by Clinton Steeds, used under CC 2.0Unfortunately, there is some truth to the stereotypes. Should You Go to a College with Greek Life? Many colleges have fraternities and sororities, and their existence will not necessarily make or break your experience there.Even at campuses with a strong Greek system, other social outlets exist, and there are still students who decide to remain unaffiliated.However, your personality may make you more or less comfortable in a campus environment with Greek life. You Should Consider Going to a College With Greek Life If: You like being around people most of the time, and you need to talk things out with others before you make decisions. You enjoyed being a part of a close-knit group with shared interests in high school, such as a sports team, and you’re looking for a way to find the same type of camaraderie in college. Socializing is an important part of college to you; you know you’re there to learn, but meeting new people is also very high on your priority list. Colleges With Greek Life Might Not Be a Good Fit for You If: You are extremely academically oriented, and the college party culture doesn’t appeal to you. You are a very independent person, and you like to have a lot of alone time to do your own thing. You prefer to have just a couple close friends and are a little overwhelmed by meeting lots of new people. Then again, the characteristics on the second list could describe me, and I ended up joining a (very nerdy) sorority, so don’t discount Greek life completely even if it doesn’t seem like it would appeal to you. You should also check what percentage of students actually join Greek organizations at the schools that interest you. Then you can determine whether you need to factor this into your decision. If only a very small minority of undergraduates go Greek, then you might not have to interact with the system at all. If the majority of students go Greek, then you'll probably be more exposed to Greek life (especially if it's a relatively small school). Remember that every college is different, and so is each sorority andfraternity! Greek life has its overall pluses and minuses, but if you end up joining a house that you really click with, it can be an awesome experience. What's Next? Worried about the costs of sorority and fraternity dues and college in general? Read our practical guide on how to save money for college. For more tips on figuring out the right college for your needs, take a look at my guide to choosing a college and my step-by-step breakdown of the college research process. One of the most major differences you'll see between colleges is the size of their undergraduate enrollments. Find out whether a big or small college is the right choice for you.

Open Systems Theory (OD) Analysis for Deckers Outdoor Corporation Research Paper

Open Systems Theory (OD) Analysis for Deckers Outdoor Corporation - Research Paper Example Through various planning, management and management, the firm has become popular across the US and other global parts. However, the company has recently encountered several challenges, forcing the company to incur various losses. Therefore, this manuscript will mull over these challenges and thereby discuss various organization diagnostic models that the firm can employ in resolving these challenges. Brief Overview of Deckers Outdoor Corporation The firm set off in 1973, with Doug Otto running it during its inception in Goleta, California. During its inception, the firm used to manufacture sandals. However, the company has grown to international level, distributing its products to diverse kinds of retailers. These include departmental stores and outlet stores among others (Latimer, 2012). Besides, the firm makes direct sales to its customers. The firm has independent distributors across Europe, Canada, Latin America, as well as Asia. It has also formed a union with Stella Internation al Holdings for the sale of UGG brand in China. The firm manufactures well-designed trendy shoes that sell across leading countries worldwide. Challenges facing the firm Counterfeit is a significant challenge that the firm is experiencing. China is the key source of these products. These counterfeits have significantly affected the UGG brand. Survey shows that the authorities impounded nearly 600 000 products, while the firm litigated over 2000 websites that sold falsified Deckers products (Latimer, 2012). These products were of low quality as contrasted to Deckers products, and thereby cheaper. This posed a considerable threat in the high profit realization of the firm, as well as company’s image. Besides, the country faces brand name controversies with various firms in Australia and Europe. These firms claim to have the sole ownership of the UGG brand. As such, there have been various court proceedings over the ownership of the brand, particularly in Australia where Uggs-n- Rugs sold their footwear item under this brand (Latimer, 2012). However, the firm still sells shoes to Australia under the brand. Additionally, various reviewers argue that the brand shoes have significant effects on animals. These critics claim that they contribute significantly towards the extinction of some animals (Latimer, 2012). As a result, they campaign against the purchase of these products, thereby compelling the firm into severe revenue loss. Organizational Diagnosis (OD) has become basic in enhancing an organization’s success. In an endeavor to improve the organizational effectiveness, it is essential to establish its current performance level thus devising apt strategies sufficient for the modification process. The concept of diagnosis in organizations applies similarly to the medical diagnosis, whereby the doctor tests the patient, gathers all the useful information prior to prescribing the best medication for the ailment. In a similar style, the management team assembles all the critical information, conducts an analysis, before devising the most suitable intervention for the organization to undertake. The current literature on organizational performance has depicted numerous benefits of performing the OD. Some of these entail the detection of all problems present in the organization, therefore, devising suitable strategies. Identification of such information is necessary in enhancing the company’s efficiency in its performance. Force Field Analysis The first model, Force

Corporate finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate finance - Assignment Example Blume (1993) had suggested that CAPM provides a model of equilibrium risk/return relationship. The CAPM also denotes that there exists a linear relationship between expected return and non-diversifiable systematic risk which is denoted as beta. This linear relationship is denoted as security market line (SML). In SML, the systematic risk of a share is compared with the risk and return of the market as well as the risk free rate of return for estimating the expected return of a particular share (Arnold, 2008; Pike and Neale, 1999). Figure 1 Source: (Ogilvie, 2008) CAPM defines risk as an extent to which the return of the portfolio of shares or a single share has a covariance with the return in the market. If it is assumed that CAPM correctly defines the capital market, then the risk/return relationship can be established for an efficient market strategy. The CAPM equation represents this relationship and expected return is seen to be a function of the following equation: R = Rf + ? (R m – Rf) Where: R = Expected return on the portfolio or share. Rf = Risk-free rate of return. ? = Beta. It signifies the volatility of the portfolio or the share relative to the market portfolio. Rm = Expected return on the market portfolio. Rm – Rf = Market risk premium (Harrington, 2001; Jones, 1998). Parameters of CAPM The risk-free rate of return: It signifies the return on the asset that has no risk. This indicates that it neither has covariance nor variance with the return on the market. In reality, it is difficult to find an asset of this kind and doubts prevail regarding the actual existence. Various proxies like, treasury bills and government bonds, are used in this stead. However, these proxies are also subjected to inflation and uncertainty and cannot be considered as entirely risk-free (Harrington 2001; Watson and Head, 1998). Return on the market: For CAPM, one of the most important implications is the existence of optimally efficient market portfolio. In t heoretical approach, the market portfolio consists of risky assets that are diversified among the portfolios available. Once this portfolio is held, it is not possible to diversify the risk any further. The market return is the return on the market portfolio, including all the risky assets. Unlike risk-free rate, the market return is difficult to estimate. It is approximated by using the indices of the stock exchange as the proxy for the market. However, issues exist regarding the selection of index to be used as proxy. Beta: It is the measure of non-diversifiable risk and relative measure of risk. It is the risk estimation relative to the market portfolios. In simple words, it measures the price volatility of the share or a portfolio of shares and also, how the expected return of the portfolio or the share will react in consideration to the movement of return in the market portfolio (Moyer, McGuigan and Kretlow 2001; Jones 1998). Hence, beta is the measure for the difference betwee n the return of the various portfolios of share or shares (Ward, 2000; Jones, 1998). Application of Capital Asset Pricing Model in Corporate Decision making CAPM argues that total risk is measured by

Loyalty Program Essay Example for Free

Loyalty Program Essay We go through 7 strategy steps to design a loyalty program for Cabo San Viejo which are as follows:   Before we suggest a customer rewards or loyalty program, it is important to understand what is the company’s long term vision, For whom this program is to be implemented i. e. who are the company’s best customers, what are their needs and expectations, the reasons for having such a program and the expected outcome. So the first question is: What is Cabo San Viejo’s long term vision? Was the company directing its activities in overall achievement of this vision? The vision of the company was to help people live healthier lives. Initially there was a gap between the operational objectives of making people lose weight by way of low calorie diet and the vision of getting people to live healthier lives by inculcating sustainable lifestyle ways. However, this gap had been bridged but the positioning gap remained. Who were Cabo San Viejo’s targeted customers? Was there any gap between targeted and actual customers? If we go by the vision statement, anybody wanting to live a better and healthier life was Cabo San Viejo’s targeted customers. These could include smokers, obese men and women, even obese children, stressed couples or singles, workaholic professionals, over worked top executives and managers etc. However, Cabo San Viejo was attracting mostly females (70%-80% of the guests) with an increasing average age over the years, the last average being 57 in the year 2004. Thus, mostly older females were visiting the resort who wanted to indulge themselves and feel better about their body and themselves. Also, their household income was high. Comparing this with the summer guests, the latter group had less income and was also comparatively younger in population. Thus, we can link the age, income level and affordability. Usually younger people are less wealthy and thus find such vacations expensive. Not only this, the perception of Cabo San Viejo first as a fat camp and then as a boot camp was discouraging people to come there. Also, 67% of guests came through word of mouth indicating that the above line marketing was performing poorly. Campaigns targeting specific groups of people showing indulgence in activities of their interest like hiking for young crowd, spa treatment for women, consultation for couples etc would be likely to bring out the varied health solutions offered by Cabo San Viejo. What were the needs of the guests at Cabo San Viejo? Was there any gap in meeting the needs or their expectations? The individual needs of the customers varied quite a lot. To understand and cater to the needs of the customers, the company had efficiently trained its reservation staff who helped customers choose the appropriate package as according to their goals and objectives. The very fact that 95% of the customers rated their experience as either very good or outstanding shows that Cabo San Viejo was operating efficiently. However, if Cabo San Viejo was to target a more demanding and younger customer base in future, it would have to exceed is current delivery promise. The needs have been met but the expectations of repeat customers have not been satisfied some of whom have expressed their resentment for not being rewarded for their continued patronization. Therefore we have recognized: Perception of Cabo San Viejo as a boot camp needed to be changed. †¢Young customers needed to be attracted. As they had higher expectations and smaller pockets, loyalty program needed to focus on value proposition by means of discounts etc. †¢Older customers were mostly wealthier and would not be looking for a value deal like the younger customers. Cabo San Viejo had around 5000 repeat customers each year which a healthy figure is making up about 60% of the total arrival figure. Around 3500 new guests arrive each year of which 32% revisited within 5-6 years and 62% of repeat visitors returned again within 5-6 years. The primary reason for not returning was the high costs. Here we reiterate that to attract more repeat customers, value must be offered. Why does Cabo San Viejo need a customer loyalty program? †¢Retention: One of the primary reasons for most loyalty programs is o retain the loyal customers by appreciating them and the business they generate for the company by making them feel special and good about their association with the company. †¢Offer enhanced value proposition: A loyalty program which offers a value deal to its customers who need it will get Cabo San Viejo more patronization. However, it is to be understood that not all customers need or expect value deals. Enhanced Satisfaction: Recognition by way of loyalty program makes a customer feel good and thus enhances satisfaction which in turn leads to more positive word of mouth. †¢Positive Word of Mouth: Around 60% of Cabo San Viejo’s customers called in for inquiry based on word of mouth. †¢Enhance image as a responsive company: Cabo San Viejo explicitly encourages customers to complain if unsatisfied. It is through such feedbacks that Cabo San Viejo has got to know that customers expect such a program implementation. Whenever a company asks for and receives complaints, it is best to respond or may lead to customer resentment. Counter Competition: If not rewarded for loyalty, customers may switch to other competitors. How much is the desired/expected impact? Having analyzed this, we now estimate the impact. The impact of a loyalty program is usually incremental and observed over a period of time. The expected increase in retention is say, 10%1 over a period of say, 5 years2. Also, people coming from reference is expected to increase over the years enabling the company to cut marketing costs elsewhere. 1The expected retention percentage is found either based on internal company data or industry expert advice.

A Knowledge Entry System for Subject Matter Experts :: essays research papers

The High Performance Knowledge Bases (HPKB) project demonstrated that the teams of knowledge engineers working together could create knowledge bases (KBs) roughly at the rate of 10K axioms/year for a pre-specified task and evaluation criteria. The HPKB effort showed that it is possible to create KBs by reusing the content of knowledge libraries, and it demonstrated reuse rates ranging from 25% to 100%, depending on the application and the knowledge engineer. It was acknowledged that the ability of a subject matter expert (SME) to directly enter knowledge is essential to improve the KB construction rates. The SRI team is developing a system for direct knowledge entry by SMEs as an integrated team of technology developers. The SRI team includes Boeing, Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at University of Southern California, Northwestern University, Pacific Sierra Research (PSR), Stanford University, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, University of Texas at Austin, and University of West Florida. Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford, Pragati Systems, and Massachusetts Insititute of Technology joined the team after the contract award. The claim of this effort is that SMEs, unassisted by AI technologists, can assemble models of mechanisms and processes from components. These models are both declarative and executable, so questions about the mechanisms and processes can be answered by conventional inference methods (for example, theorem proving and taxonomic inference) and by various task-specific methods (for example, simulation, analogical reasoning, and problem-solving methods). A related claim is that relatively few components, perhaps a few thousand, are sufficient for SMEs to assemble models of virtually any mechanism or process. We claim that these components are independent of domain, and that assembly from components instantiated to a domain is a natural way for SMEs to create KB content. The research in this project exploits and extends previous work in the HPKB project, as well as work in process description languages, qualitative physics, systems dynamics, and simulation. One scientific innovation, and the principal extension to Cyc and the "HPKB standard" of knowledge bases, is the idea of declarative and executable models (DEMs) assembled from components. The declarative aspect of DEMs supports conventional inference, whereas the executable aspect supports reasoning by simulation. For example, the declarative part of a model of aerosols is sufficient to answer questions like, "Will a 5-micron filter afford protection against this aerosol?" while the executable part is necessary to model the dispersal pattern of the aerosol.

Occupational Health And Safety Practices Construction Essay

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the purpose of the study was to analyze the occupational wellness and safety patterns in topographic point at the Municipal Council of Port Louis, concentrating on the administrative cell. Correlating the consequences of the survey to the aims set, grounds shows that the existent wellness and safety patterns at the Council are really hapless and on the job conditions are in a distressing province. The first observation made is the deficiency of consciousness of respondents with respects to affairs associating to wellness and safety issues. For case, 72.6 % of the 84 respondents are non cognizant of the OSHA 2005, which sets out all the commissariats modulating wellness and safety at work ( Figure 1 ) . 77.4 % of the respondents are non cognizant of the Council ‘s Health and Safety Policy ( Figure ) . A Health and Safety Policy, as explained in Chapter 2, sets the way for the administration to follow on affairs associating to wellness and safety and demonstrates how aims of wellness and safety are integrated in the overall direction system. The two grounds that can explicate this state of affairs are: The involuntariness of employees to larn about the OSHA 2005 or the Council ‘s Health and Safety as they may non experience concerned by them these paperss were non communicated to the Staff of the Council as it can be observed that even 6.2 % of senior and 23.1 % of in-between directors are non cognizant of the Policy ( Figure ) . Health and safety does non fall to the full under the duty of direction. Under the OSHA, employees have the duties to larn about the commissariats of the statute law and to collaborate with direction in staying by the rules dependably. Besides, by non larning about the jurisprudence, they are seting themselves at hazard by non continuing good wellness and safety patterns in their day-to-day undertakings and direction can non be entirely blasted for any accidents, as dictated by the celebrated antediluvian Latin legal philosophy â€Å" Ignorantia juris non excusat † ( Ignorance of the jurisprudence does non pardon ) . However, ideally, direction should hold communicated the necessities of the Act to the employees, informing them of their rights and responsibilities. From the secondary information available, it was found out that the Council has a Health and Safety Policy which is dated back to 2002 ( Find at extension ) . It was besides found a Health and Safety Officer, who has late been appointed by the LGSC on a substantial footing has been posted at the Council. This was confirmed by the extremely positive response ( 88.1 % ) of the respondents ( Figure 5 ) . A 2nd observation made is the presence of physical jeopardies at the Council. This substantiates consequences found on the hapless conditions of the office environment ( Table ) . Harmonizing to 61 % of respondents, the edifice is in a distressing province. This can be explained by the fact that being a public establishment, it is really hard to happen financess for the building of new office edifices. However, edifices should hold been maintained on a regular footing. Harmonizing to Section 34 of the OSHA 2005, the office constructing demand to be of sound building, have a watertight roof, kept free from moistness and be decently maintained. Proper drainage system is needed. Therefore, it can be seen that the Council is non following with the jurisprudence. It was found that there is hapless airing ( 51.2 % ) and the uncomfortable temperature in the office ( 59.5 % ) can be explained by the hot clime in Port Louis. The office contains countless beginnings of air pollutants and therefore demands to be aerated on a regular footing to forestall diseases like the Legionnaires disease which occurs as a consequence of ill maintained airing systems. Management should imagine the installing of mechanical air conditioning, and modulate temperature to do workers comfy. High noise degrees are upseting to the concentration of respondents ( 52.4 % ) . As explained in the literature reviews, inordinate noise can take to interference in communicating and can impact the concentration of workers, cut downing their productiveness. Poor housework has resulted in dirty offices ( 52.4 % ) and obstructors such as draging computing machine and electrical overseas telegrams ( 65.5 % ) which represent a serious trip and autumn jeopardy. Accumulation of trade wastes as explained before, can give rise to biological jeopardies like genteelness of sources taking to diseases. Harmonizing to Section 35 of the OSHA 2005, the office country needs to be unbroken clean so as to forestall accretion of soil and trade wastes have to be removed on a regular footing, with the floor being cleaned atleast one time hebdomadal. This shows non-compliance to the jurisprudence. Besides, in the populace sector, it is common cognition that files are stored in unfastened filing cabinets which consequences in accretion of dusts, taking to the dissatisfaction of employees ( 61.9 % ) . It was found that though many respondents are satisfied with the degree of illuming ( 50 % ) , it should be noted that they were non asked to stipulate the types of illuming used. Artificial lighting can be damaging to the wellness of employees in the long term. 36.9 % of respondents who claim on occasion suffer from occupational unwellnesss and strivings stated the cause of their agonies to be the hapless office environment: hapless temperature and airing systems doing allergic reactions in workers, concerns and oculus annoyances owing to the lighting provided, trips and falls from draging overseas telegrams and unequal filing cabinets. The unequal safety steps were besides noted. Harmonizing to 66.7 % of respondents, electrical equipments are non serviced on a regular footing. This consequence in electrical contraptions being damaged taking to overheating, short circuits, or detonations. Harmonizing to the Guidelines from the Government Fire Services dated 28 November 2006, the chief cause of fire is â€Å" defective electrical installation/equipment † . Hence, electrical installings and equipments have to be decently maintained and tested so as to minimise the hazard of fire. For an administration to be certified by the Fire Services, it has to fulfill some standards, which has been explained in inside informations before. It has to be able to supply to life safety, fire bar, fire protection and fire combat steps. From the statement of consequences, it can be noted that: — — % of respondents claim that no clear fire instructions have been issued to them ( Figure ) Inadequate safety marks displayed harmonizing to 60.7 % of respondents in Table Inadequate exigency exits harmonizing to 51.2 % of respondents ( Figure ) Harmonizing to 83.3 % , equal fire contending tool are available ( figure ) Lack of fire drills harmonizing to 61.9 % of respondents ( figure ) Fire dismay system, but whether it is effectual of non, is s really subjective inquiry, as from the above information, it can be deduced that no drills have been carried out to prove the effectivity of the fire dismay system Lack of emptying programs harmonizing to 70.2 % of respondents ( Figure ) Therefore, from the above observations, it can be deduced that the Council has non been award a Fire Certificate. This is confirmed by the 44 % of negative responses and 42.9 % of impersonal responses ( Figure ) . A 3rd observation made was the deficiency of proper hygiene provided to the employees ( Table ) . Without proper public assistance installations, workers may experience that their demands are non being catered by direction. The deficiency of separate healthful comfortss harmonizing to 81 % of respondents, indicates a misdemeanor of Section 39 of the OSHA 2005 where it has been stipulated that each organisation has to do proviso for separate and clean healthful comfortss which are good lighted and ventilated for each gender. This creates a deficiency of privateness for members of both gender and this can take to much uncomfortableness among them. Harmonizing to Section 41 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 2005 â€Å" suited installations for rinsing which shall include a supply of clean H2O, soap, clean towels or other suited agencies of cleansing and drying, and the installations shall be handily accessible and shall be kept in a clean and orderly status † . This shows that the Council is non following with the jurisprudence ( 67.9 % respondents non satisfied ) . The deficiency of proviso of a muss ( 83.4 % ) , which consequences in go againsting Section 44 of the OSHA 2005, leads to workers holding their repasts in the office itself. This causes the workstation to be untidy, ensuing in hapless housework. The deficiency of first assistance box is noted with much concern. Coupled with the deficiency of show of exigency phone Numberss ( Figure 32 ) , and a first assistance box, in instance of any incidents or accidents, there is a hazard of employees non being given first assistance intervention which can ensue in their status being aggravated by the clip they are taken to the Hospital. A 4th observation made is the ill designed workstations of workers ( Table ) . Out of the 61.9 % of respondents who are non satisfied with the infinite allocated to them in the office ( Figure 40 ) , 75 % are operational workers ( Figure 41 ) . This can be explained by the fact that they have to portion their office infinite with other office equipment like the photocopiers, scanners, pressmans, which take up much office infinite. Besides, ozone gas from these equipments can be really damaging to the wellness of the employees. Inadequate seating ( 68.2 % ) can do musculoskeletal upsets as explained in the literature reviews. It can besides be noted that non merely of respondents, ergonomic computing machine equipments are non provided harmonizing to 57.9 % of respondents, but they are non good positioned in the workstation. Harmonizing to 66.9 % of respondents, their computing machines are non straight in forepart of them when working. This can be explained by the cramped office infinite allocated to them, which causes them to strive to the sides to be able to work on the computing machine, doing MSD as explained before. Poor workstation design coupled with a deficiency of proper office accoutrements as indicated by the 74.8 % of respondents, this makes office work more uncomfortable and boring and besides deleterious to the wellness of the workers. This explains the 23.8 % of workers who claim to endure all the times while 36.9 % on occasion suffer from strivings and hurts ( Figure ) . Respondents were asked to stipulate the grounds for their strivings or unwellnesss, and it was found that many of them stated they suffer from back hurting owing to hapless siting agreements and leg strivings owing to miss of footrest, arm and carpus strains to work on the keyboard, insistent clicking of the mouse ensuing in strivings in fingers and carpuss and blaze from computing machine screen ensuing in concerns and oculus annoyances. A 5th observation made is the hapless interpersonal relationships of workers at the Council. Merely 28.6 % of respondents entertain good relationships with their co-workers ( Table degree Fahrenheit ) . As has been noted in the statement of consequences, it was found that employees holding more than 24 old ages of working experience at the Council tend to hold better relationships among co-workers compared to the younger coevals ( those holding less than 7 old ages of service are non on good footings with co-workers ) It was besides found that all respondents holding less than 7 old ages of service in the organisation are operational workers. ( figure 80 ) The younger coevals tends to be more competitory as they have merely joined the Council and are get downing to construct their calling. As such, they are really ambitious which consequences in the office atmosphere being fraught with competition. On the other manus, those basking more than 24 old ages of service in the organisation are those holding more than 42 old ages of age ( Table 5 ) . Hence, most of them have already reached the pinnacle of their callings which makes them less competitory six a vis their co-workers. Merely 11.9 % of respondents claim to be on good footings with their supervisors ( Figure 47 ) . One ground that could explicate this is the bureaucratic system of direction in topographic point at the Council. As pointed out by Jerald Hage et Al ( 1971:860 ) ‘as organisations become more formalistic and centralised, communicating between individuals in different sections tend to diminish ‘ . Hence, owing to the hierarchal construction of the Council, the lower class employees do non acquire to pass on much with the top direction. Another ground for the hapless relationship with direction is the favoritism about the distribution of undertakings to the employees. 40.5 % of respondents feel they are overloaded with work ( figure 49 ) . Figure 53 throws more light to this statement, as it was found that out of the 34.5 % of respondents who claim to be enduring from favoritism at work, 96.6 % are workers holding less than 15 old ages of service at the Council and most of them stated that they are discriminated onthe distribution of undertakings by their supervisors. They stated that they are allocated more and complicated undertakings than their older co-workers. 58.3 % of respondents feel they are working below their capablenesss ( figure50 ) . An in-depth analysis ( fig ) shows that workers throughout all degrees of the occupational hierarchy feel they are non working up to their degree. It can be noted that even workers holding less than 23 old ages of working experience at the Council feel they are non working up to their degrees. Today, many employees of the Public Sector are good educated, but owing to the high criterions and processs in topographic point by the LGSC, it is non easy to be awarded publicities. This leads to frustration in workers that they are non accomplishing their coveted place in the administration. They feel they can make a much better occupation than the 1 that has been allocated to them. This explains the competitory behavior among co-workers. This besides leads to extremely qualified and skilled employees go forthing the Council as they find better occupation chances in the private sector. This consequences in a encephalon drain of the administration, which it will endure in the hereafter when it would miss qualified staff. It has been found that 26.19 % of respondents are harassed all the times and 30.95 % who claim to be harassed on occasion ( Figure ) . They were asked to stipulate the types of torment they faced and many stated that they are verbally harassed by their higher-ups and members of the populace. Some even stated they are harassed by their co-workers. As has been described before, torment of strong-arming at work have a negative impact on the mental province and morale of the worker. Some workers stated that they have suffered from aggressive behaviors and even physically abuse by members of the populace. This confirms the unequal system of security in topographic point at the Council by 64.3 % of respondents ( Table ) From the above information, it can be concluded that the Council ‘s population is psychologically ill. Workers are faced with excessively much force per unit area at work to run into deadlines and they have to cover with verbal torment from their supervisors to acquire the occupation done more rapidly. This explains why 40.5 % of respondents feel they have excessively much work to make. As has been explained before, this leads to defeat, high degree of emphasis which can be harmful to the wellness of workers. Coupled with this, there exist hapless interpersonal relationships among workers. From Hawthorne surveies, it can be said that it is non the physical conditions or the organisation construction which affects public presentation but it was the quality of interpersonal relationships, peculiar workers ‘ relationships with their higher-ups that aid to hike morale and productiveness. Another observation made is the deficiency of wellness surveillance provided to the workers harmonizing to 96.4 % of respondents ( Figure ) . Another observation made was the deficiency of preparation provided harmonizing to 92.9 % of the respondents ( Figure ) . Without proper preparation, workers would non be able to execute their plants safely, ensuing in the high rate of unwellnesss and hurts as shown in FigureaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. From the above observations, it can be deduced that hazard appraisals are non carried out as confirmed by 86.7 % of respondents ( Figure ) . Had hazard appraisals been carried out, the jeopardies observed in the Council would hold been identify and measures taken to extinguish them. Coupled with this, 57.1 % of respondents claim that accidents are non reported, registered or enquired into ( figure ) . This demonstrates hapless accident coverage system ensuing from a deficiency of communicating between direction and employees. Another observation made is the absence of a good established Health and Safety Committee. Figure 9 substantiates the statement. 91.7 % of respondents confirmed that there are no wellness and safety commission at the Council. This hypothesis supply some accounts for the above mentioned defects and non conformity of the Torahs detected. Had there been a Safety and Health Committee, it would hold taken into history the grudges of the employees, devised a suited preparation programme, set up a codification of behavior for employees with respects to proper wellness and safety patterns. It would hold ensured that hazard appraisals and audits are carried out to place jeopardies and reported to Committee for appropriate steps to be taken to command or extinguish them. It has besides been observed that overall, there is been a negative response ( 65.5 % ) about the wellness and safety patterns at the Council ( Figure ) . Sum uping the statements of consequences of the study, based on literature reappraisals and associating the office environment, workstation design, hygiene installations, safety and interpersonal relationships, there are ample cogent evidence that the wellness and safety patterns at the Municipal Council of Port Louis is really deficient. This consequences from a deficiency of direction and the council members ‘ committedness and employees ‘ engagement, ensuing from the stiffly hierarchal construction of the Council. This stems besides from the deficiency of wellness and safety officer in the yesteryear. Correlating the findings of the study and the rules of the OHSMS described in the literature reviews, it can be said that there is an absence of a proper system of occupational wellness and safety direction. However, as has been stated earlier in this chapter, a Health and Safety Officer has late been posted at the Council. With the coaction of direction, council members and the employees, he will hold the duty of puting up a proper OHSMS to heighten the wellness and safety patterns at the Council. This can assist construct the psychological environment in which workers would experience healthy, secure, safe and most significantly, they will experience valued.